I & M Industrials, Inc.   SC compressor service and process steam since 1967

Greenville, Columbia, Charleston, Florence, Aiken SC
Spacer

Engineering Tools and Technical Library


Unit Conversion (click here)
Calculators(click here)
Air Flow Table    
Pipe Line Velocity Calculator    
Capacity Ratings and Corrections    


General Conversion Factors:

   
     
     
     
Length    
     

Multiply

—>

to get

to get

<—

Divide

inch

2.54

cm

ft

12

inch

ft

0.305

meter

yard

1.094

meter

Angstrom
= 0.1 nm

10^10

meter

   
     
   
     
     
Flowrate    
     

Multiply

—>

to get

to get

<—

Divide

cc/min

1

mL/min

cfm (ft3/min)

28.31

L/min

cfm (ft3/min)

1.699

m3/hr

cfh (ft3/hr)

472

mL/min

cfh (ft3/hr)

0.125

GPM

GPH

63.1

mL/min

GPH

0.134

cfh

GPM

0.227

m3/hr

GPM

3.785

L/min

oz/min

29.57

mL/min

   
     
   
     
     
Pressure (in psi) to Feet of Water
   
     

psi

ft of
water

psi

ft of
water

psi

ft of
water

1

2.31

13

30.0

45

103.9

2

4.62

14

32.3

50

115.5

3

6.93

15

34.7

55

127.1

4

9.24

16

37.0

60

138.6

5

11.6

17

39.3

65

150.1

6

13.7

18

41.6

70

161.7

7

16.2

19

43.9

75

173.3

8

18.5

20

46.2

80

184.8

9

20.8

25

57.7

85

196.3

10

23.1

30

69.3

90

207.9

11

25.4

35

80.9

95

219.5

12

27.7

40

92.4

100

231.0

   
     
   
     
     
Pressure (Liquid Pumps)    
     

Multiply

—>

to get

to get

<—

Divide

psig

2.31

feet of water

psia

6.9

kilopascals

psig

2.03

inches of Hg

psia

0.068

atm

psia

0.068

bar

atm

33.9

feet of water

atm

760

mm Hg

inches Hg

1.133

feet of water

mm Hg

0.039

inches Hg

newtons/m2

1

pascals

   
     
   
     
     
Pressure/Vacuum    
     

Multiply

—>

to get

to get

<—

Divide

atm

33.9

ft H2O

atm

760

mm Hg

atm

1033.2

g/cm2

atm

14.70

psi

atm

1.013

bar

atm

101.3

kPa

bar

14.5

psi

bar

0.9869

atm

bar

100

kPa

ft H2O

0.4335

psi

kPa

0.01

dyne/cm2

kPa

0.1450

psi

kPa

7.5

mm Hg

psi

0.0703

kg/cm2

   
     
   
     
     
Volume (Liquid Pumps)    
     

Multiply

—>

to get

to get

<—

Divide

gallons

128

fluid ounces

gallons

3.785

liters

liters

1000

cubic centimeters

lb water

0.119

gallons

gallons (Imp)

1.2

gallons (U.S.)

cubic ft

7.48

gallons

cubic in.

0.00433

gallons

cubic cm

0.0338

fluid ounces

cubic meters

264.2

gallons

cubic meters

1000

liters

   
     
   
     
     
Miscellaneous    
     

Multiply

—>

to get

to get

<—

Divide

hp

0.746

kW

hp

42.44

Btu/min

hp

396,000

lb in/min

hp

1.014

metric hp

watts

0.7376

lb ft/sec

watts

44.25

lb ft/min

lb-ft

0.1368

kg-m

oz-in

0.072

kg-cm

oz-in

70,600

dyne-cm

oz-in

0.00706

Nm

gauss

0.0001

tesla

   
     
   
     
     
Volume    
     

Multiply

—>

to get

to get

<—

Divide

cubic cm (cc)

1

mL

oz (fluid)

29.57

mL

cubic ft (ft3)

7.48

gal

cubic ft (ft3)

0.0283

m3

gal

128

oz (fluid)

gal

3.785

liters

gal

0.8333

imp gal

cubic meters

1000

liters

   
     
   
     
     
Mass    

Multiply

—>

to get

to get

<—

Divide

Apoth dram

60

grains

Apoth dram

0.1371

Avdp oz

Apoth dram

0.008571

Avdp lb

Apoth dram

3.88794

grams

Apoth lb

5760

grains

Apoth lb

13.1657

Avdp oz

Apoth lb

0.822857

Avdp lb

Apoth lb

373.242

grams

Apoth oz

480

grains

Apoth oz

1.09714

Avdp oz

Apoth oz

0.068571

Avdp lb

Apoth oz

31.1035

grams

Avdp drams

27.344

grains

Avdp drams

0.0625

Avdp oz

Avdp drams

0.003906

Avdp lb

Avdp drams

1.77185

grams

Avdp lb

7000

grains

Avdp lb

16

Avdp oz

Avdp lb

453.592

grams

Avdp oz

437.5

grains

Avdp oz

0.0625

Avdp lb

Avdp oz

28.3495

grams

carats

3.0865

grains

carats

0.2

grams

grams

15.432

grains

grams

0.0353

oz

lb

0.4536

kg

oz

28.35

grams

   
     
   
     
     
Density Conversions    
     
Specific Gravity x 1 = g/L

g/L x 8.345404 = lb/gal
lb/gal x 0.119826 = g/mL
   
     
   
     
     
Temperature    
     

°F = (1.8 x °C) + 32

°C = (°F - 32) x 0.555

°Kelvin = °C + 273.2

   
     
   
     
     
Pressure Unit Conversion Constants
 
     

To go from

Multiply by

To get

bar

14.50

psi

bar

401.47

" of H2O

bar

29.53

" of Hg

bar

100.0

kPa

bar

1000

mbar

bar

1019.73

cm of H2O

bar

750.06

mm of Hg

cm of H2O

0.014223

psi

cm of H2O

0.3937

" of H2O

cm of H2O

0.028958

" of Hg

cm of H2O

0.09806

kPa

cm of H2O

0.9806

mbar

cm of H2O

0.7355

mm of Hg

" of H2O

0.036127

psi

" of H2O

0.073554

" of Hg

" of H2O

0.2491

kPa

" of H2O

2.491

mbar

" of H2O

2.5400

cm of H2O

" of H2O

1.8683

mm of Hg

" of Hg

0.4912

psi

" of Hg

13.596

" of H2O

" of Hg

3.3864

kPa

" of Hg

33.864

mbar

" of Hg

34.532

cm of H2O

" of Hg

25.400

mm of Hg

kg/cm2

14.223

psi

kg/cm2

393.7

" of H2O

kg/cm2

28.96

" of Hg

kg/cm2

98.06

kPa

kg/cm2

980.6

mbar

kg/cm2

1000

cm of H2O

kg/cm2

735.5

mm of Hg

kPa

0.14504

psi

kPa

4.0147

" of H2O

kPa

0.2953

" of Hg

kPa

10.000

mbar

kPa

10.1973

cm of H2O

kPa

7.5006

mm of Hg

mbar

0.01450

psi

mbar

0.40147

" of H2O

mbar

0.02953

" of Hg

mbar

0.100

kPa

mbar

1.01973

cm of H2O

mbar

0.75006

mm of Hg

micron (µ)

0.00019337

psi

micron (µ)

0.0053525

" of H2O

micron (µ)

0.00039370

" of Hg

micron (µ)

0.0013332

kPa

micron (µ)

0.013332

mbar

micron (µ)

0.013595

cm of H2O

micron (µ)

0.001

mm Hg

mm of Hg

0.019337

psi

mm of Hg

0.53525

" of H2O

mm of Hg

0.039370

" of Hg

mm of Hg

0.13332

kPa

mm of Hg

1.3332

mbar

mm of Hg

1.3595

cm of H2O

oz/inch2

0.06250

psi

oz/inch2

1.7299

" of H2O

oz/inch2

0.1272

" of Hg

oz/inch2

0.4309

kPa

oz/inch2

4.309

mbar

oz/inch2

4.394

cm of H2O

oz/inch2

3.232

mm of Hg

psi

27.680

" of H2O

psi

2.036

" of Hg

psi

6.8947

kPa

psi

68.947

mbar

psi

70.308

cm of H2O

psi

51.715

mm of Hg

torr

0.019337

psi

torr

0.53525

" of H2O

torr

0.039370

" of Hg

torr

0.13332

kPa

torr

1.3332

mbar

torr

1.3595

cm of H2O

torr

1.000

mm Hg

   
     
   
     
     
Temperature Conversion Equations  
     

°F = (1.8 x °C) +32

°C = (°F-32) x 0.555

Kelvin = °C + 273.2

°Rankin = °F + 459.67

   
     
   
     
     
Viscosity Conversions    
     

Seconds
Saybolt
Universal
SSU

Kinematic viscosity

Seconds
Saybolt
Furol
SSF

Seconds
Redwood 1
Standard

Seconds
Redwood 2
Admiralty

Degrees
Engler

Degrees
Barbey

Kinematic
centistokes

Centistokes

ft2/sec

31

1.00

0.00001076

29

1.00

6200

1.00

 

31.5

1.13

0.00001216

29.4

1.01

5486

1.13

 

32

1.81

0.00001948

29.8

1.08

3425

1.81

 

32.6

2.00

0.00002153

30.2

1.10

3100

2.00

 

33

2.11

0.00002271

30.6

1.11

2938

2.11

 

34

2.40

0.00002583

31.3

1.14

2583

2.40

 

35

2.71

0.00002917

32.1

1.17

2287

2.71

 

36

3.00

0.00003229

32.9

1.20

2066

3.00

 

38

3.64

0.00003918

33.7

1.26

1703

3.64

 

39.2

4.00

0.00004306

35.5

1.30

1550

4.00

 

40

4.25

0.00004575

36.2

5.10

1.32

1459

4.25

 

42

4.88

0.00005253

38.2

5.25

1.36

1270

4.88

 

42.4

5.00

0.00005382

38.6

5.28

1.37

1240

5.00

 

44

8.50

0.00005920

40.6

5.39

1.40

1127

5.50

 

45.6

6.00

0.00006458

41.8

5.51

1.43

1033

6.00

 

46

6.13

0.00006598

42.3

5.54

1.44

1011

6.13

 

46.8

7.00

0.00007535

43.1

5.60

1.48

885

7.00

 

50

7.36

0.00007922

44.3

5.83

1.58

842

7.36

 

52.1

8.00

0.00008611

46.0

6.03

1.64

775

8.00

 

55

8.88

0.00009558

48.3

6.30

1.73

698

8.88

 

55.4

9.00

0.00009688

48.6

6.34

1.74

689

9.00

 

58.8

10.00

0.0001076

51.3

6.66

1.83

620

10.00

 

60

10.32

0.0001111

52.3

6.77

1.87

601

10.32

 

65

11.72

0.0001262

56.7

7.19

2.01

529

11.72

 

70

13.08

0.0001408

60.9

7.60

2.16

474

13.08

 

75

14.38

0.0001548

65.1

8.02

2.37

431

14.38

 

80

15.66

0.0001686

69.2

8.44

2.45

396

15.66

 

85

16.90

0.0001819

73.4

8.87

2.59

367

16.90

 

90

18.12

0.0001950

77.6

9.30

2.73

342

18.12

 

95

19.32

0.0002080

81.6

9.71

2.88

321

19.32

 

100

20.52

0.0002209

85.6

10.12

3.02

302

20.52

 

120

25.15

0.0002707

102

11.88

3.57

246

25.15

 

140

29.65

0.0003191

119

13.63

4.11

209

29.65

 

160

34.10

0.0003670

136

15.39

4.64

182

34.10

 

180

38.52

0.0004146

153

17.14

5.12

161

38.52

 

200

42.95

0.0004623

170

18.90

5.92

144

42.95

 

300

64.60

0.0006953

32.7

253

28.00

8.79

96

64.60

 

400

86.20

0.0009275

42.4

338

37.10

11.70

71.9

86.20

 

500

108.00

0.001163

52.3

423

46.20

14.60

57.4

108.00

 

600

129.40

0.001393

62.0

507

55.30

17.50

47.9

129.40

 

700

151.00

0.001625

72.0

592

64.60

20.44

41.0

151.00

 

800

172.60

0.001858

82.0

677

73.80

23.36

35.9

172.60

 

900

194.20

0.002090

92.1

762

83.00

26.28

31.9

194.20

 

1000

215.80

0.002323

102.1

846

92.30

29.20

28.7

215.80

 

1200

259.00

0.002788

122

1016

111

35.1

23.9

259.00

 

1400

302.30

0.003254

143

1185

129

40.9

20.5

302.30

 

1600

345.30

0.003717

163

1354

148

46.7

18.0

345.30

 

1800

388.50

0.004182

183

1524

166

52.6

15.6

388.50

 

2000

431.70

0.004647

204

1693

185

58.4

14.4

431.70

 

2500

539.40

0.005806

254

2115

231

73.0

11.5

539.40

 

3000

647.30

0.006967

305

2538

277

87.6

9.6

647.30

 

3500

755.20

0.008129

356

2961

323

102

8.21

755.20

 

4000

863.10

0.009290

408

3385

369

117

7.18

863.10

 

4500

970.90

0.01045

458

3807

415

131

6.39

970.90

 

5000

1078.80

0.01161

509

4230

461

146

5.75

1078.80

 

6000

1294.60

0.01393

610

5077

553

175

4.78

1294.60

 

7000

1510.30

0.01626

712

5922

646

204

4.11

1510.30

 

8000

1726.10

0.01858

814

6769

728

234

3.59

1726.10

 

9000

1941.90

0.02092

916

7615

830

263

3.19

1941.90

 

10,000

2157.60

0.02322

1018

8461

922

292

2.87

2157.60

 

15,000

3236.50

0.03483

1526

12692

438

1.92

3236.50

 

20,000

4315.30

0.04645

2035

16923

584

1.44

4315.30

 

 
     
   
     
     
Kinematic Viscosity    
     

Multiply

?

to get

to get

?

Divide

ft2/sec

92903.04

centistokes

ft2/sec

0.092903

sq meters/sec

sq meters/sec

10.7639

ft2/sec

sq meters/sec

1000000.0

centistokes

centistokes

0.000001

sq meters/sec

centistokes

0.0000107639

ft2/sec

   
     
   
     
     
Absolute or Dynamic Viscosity  
     

Multiply

?

to get

to get

?

Divide

lbf-sec/ft2

47880.26

centipoises

lbf-sec/ft2

47.8803

Pascal-sec

centipoises

0.000102

kg-sec/sq meter

centipoises

0.001

lbf-sec/sq ft*

Pascal-sec

0.0208854

Pascal-sec

Pascal-sec

1000

centipoises

   
     
   
     
     
Absolute to Kinematic Viscosity  
     

Multiply

?

to get

to get

?

Divide

centipoises

1/density (g/cm3)

centistokes

centipoises

0.00067197/density (lb/ft3)

ft2/sec

lbf-sec/ft2

32.174/density (lb/ft3)

ft2/sec

kg-sec/m2

9.80665/density (kg/m3)

sq meters/sec

Pascal-sec

1000/density (g/cm3)

centistokes

   
     
   
     
     
Kinematic to Absolute Viscosity  
     

Multiply

?

to get

to get

?

Divide

centistokes

density (g/cm3)

centipoises

sq meters/sec

0.10197 x density (kg/m3)

kg-sec/sq meter

ft2/sec

0.03108 x density (lb/ft3)

lbf-sec/ft2

ft2/sec

1488.16 x density (lb/ft3)

centipoises

centistokes

0.001 x density (g/cm3)

Pascal-sec

sq meters/sec

1000 x density (g/cm3)

Pascal-sec

   
     
   
     
     
Weighing Unit Conversion Table  
     

To convert from grams to:

Abbreviation

multiply by

carats

ct

5.0

dram

0.564383

grains

gn

15.432358

momme

mom

0.2666666

ounces

oz

0.0352739

pennyweights

dwt

0.6430149

pounds

lb

0.0022046

scruple

0.7716179

tael (Hong Kong)

tlh

0.0264554

tola (India)

tol

0.0857353

tael (Singapore)

tls

0.0264599

tael (Taiwan)

tlt

0.0266666

troy ounces

oz t

0.0321507

troy pounds

lb t

0.0026792

     
   
     
Capacity Ratings and Correction  
     
  • SCFM - Standard Cubic Feet per Minute
    A standard cubic foot of air is the amount of air contained in one cubic foot of volume when the air is measured at standard conditions of pressure, temperature and relative humidity.  There are several different standards that can be used.  Toward compressed air applications a commonly used reference is measured at sea level atmospheric pressure (14.69 PSIA), 68 degrees Fahrenheit and a relative humidity of 36%.  At these standard conditions, one cubic foot of air weighs 0.075 pounds.  If the temperature goes up, this standard cubic foot of air will occupy more than one actual cubic foot of volume.  SCFM is a measurement of weight (mass), regardless of volume.
 
     
  • ACFM, ICFM, FAD & CFM – Actual Cubic Feet per Minute, Inlet Cubic Feet per Minute, Free Air Delivery and Cubic Feet per Minute
    All of these terms are based to the same idea.  They refer to a volume of air at ambient conditions or a referenced set of inlet conditions.  Changes in atmospheric pressure, temperature or relative humidity do not affect these ratings.  These are references of volume without regard of mass or weight.

    These references are used as brochure capacity performance figures. They represent the amount of air drawn into a compressor at a defined operating speed. Compressor manufacturers can play games with these ratings by measuring these volumes at different points in the compressor package or under conditions that are different from actual ambient conditions.
 
     

If a compression application is expressed in SCFM, the brochure capacity must be mathematically corrected to standard conditions.

 
     
  TOP  
     

©Copyright2012; I & M Industrials, Inc., 10 Akron Drive, Greenville SC 29605 - Phone: 864-277-2450, Email: sales@iandmindustrials.com
WebSite Design and Maintenance by WSI Anderson SC